Genesis of natural conditions and fundamental trends of contemporary dynamic of animals' natural habitats in the north of Lower Volga region. Report II. Genesis of fauna and flora in tertiary time. Neogene. – Zavialov E.V., Shlyakhtin G.V., Tabachishin V.G., Makarov V.Z., Berezutskiy M.A., Yakushev N.N. – The issues of genesis of flora and fauna of the north of Lower Volga region in tertiary time (neogene) were examined. The climate, landscape genesis and fundamental trends of vegetative and animal complexes formation were characterized. Paleontologic data on fossil animals from the north of Lower Volga region and specific territories was summarize.

Key words: genesis, tertiary time, neogene, flora, fauna, Lower Volga region.

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The comparative description of mice Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) ecology from Dneprovsko-Orelsky reserve. – Okulova N.M., Antonetz N.V. – The peculiarities of three mice Apodemus species: wood mouse (WM) A. (Sylvaemus) sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758), little wood mouse (LWM) A. (S.) uralensis Pallas, 1758 and field mouse (FM) A. (A.) agrarius Pallas, 1771 ecology were studied during three years. The mice of subgenus Sylvaemus are more numerous, especially LWM (the many-years autumn mean number is 4 per 100 traps Hero). This the most everytopic and the more granivorous form with low growth rate possesses of the highest breeding rate and the maximum population rotation rate. The WM have a relatively high number (3.4 per 100 traps). It is coincided with sand soils and it is the most greeneating. The WM has the poorest breeding intensity in spite of quick growth and high level of breeding among this year animals. The FM have the lowest number (2.8 per 100 traps); it is relatively everytopic, the least greeneating and the most insectivorous. The FM evades the sand soils. It differences from Sylvaemus by the size in accordance of Hatchinson rule. The FM have a maximum growth rate and breeding intensity. The morphometrical peculiarities of skull correspond to nutrition peculiarities of species.

Key words: genus Apodemus, subgenus Apodemus and Sylvaemus, little wood mouse, wood mouse, field mouse, proportions of skull, ecological niches.

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Role natural and anthropogenic factors in a change of borders areas both dynamics of number mammalian and birds in steppe region of country between Volga and Ural in 20 century. – Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S., Tikhonov I.A., Kovalskaya Y.M. – Dynamics of faunistic complexes small-sized mammalian and steppe birds in a subzone of dry steppes Zavolzhia in 20 century is investigated. The communication of augmentation of abundant both amount eurysynusic and relating to wood and taiga faunistic complexes of kinds, and also decrease of abundant both amount of steppe and desert kinds, with gumidization of a climate and with reduction processes in steppe ecosystems developed under influence of sharp reduction of intensity of anthropogenic (agricultural) loads is revealed. Both natural and anthropogenic factors at the given stage of their development promote mesophytisation of steppe localities. In our judgement, in the terrain, investigated by us, at the given stage of existence of steppe both mentioned bunches of the factors of an approximately peer degree cause supervised modifications of faunistic complexes of birds and mammalian.

Key words: steppe faunistic complexes, birds, mammalian, anthropogenic effect, climatic cycles.

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Comparative analysis of daily activity of Midday Gerbil (Meriones meridianus Pallas, 1773) and Tamarisk Gerbil (M. tamariscinus Pallas, 1773) in areas of their joint habitat. – Shilova S.A., Aleksandrov D.Yu. – This work has been conducted in Kalmykia (Chernie Zemli) semi-desert in 1996-2000. Here tamarisk and midday gerbils inhabit the same biotops and form joint settlements. During 24 hours their activity was studied by catching of animals, having individual marks, in live-traps. Five key study sites were observed simultaneously. Both species were active during the night hours only. It was found that activity of tamarisk midday gerbils was overlapped in full. Their outside activity of these species was synchronous and it wasn't depended on prevalence of one of these species. Gerbils, having overlapped home ranges, left their burrows at the same time also. Thus any divergence of outside activity period of inhabited joint areas tamarisk gerbils and midday gerbils wasn't found. Hypothesis, supposed that daily activity asynchronism can be one of mechanism to decrease competition between these species, hasn't been confirmed.

Key words: semi-desert, Midday Gerbil, Tamarisk Gerbil, daily activity, time isolation, Chernie Zemli, Kalmykia.

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The yellow throat mice (Apodemus flavicollis samariensis Ognev, 1922) settlement spread in the Big Irgiz river valley and in the other regions near Irgiz river on the Saratov left bank. – Belaychenko A.V., Sonin K.A. – In the riverhead of the Big Irgiz river the population of yellow throat mice was detected in may 2001. This population had never inhabited there before. In a year the population of the rodent spread to South-West for 80 km and reached Pugachev city, Saratov areal. Separate settlements are discovered in the windbreak field-protection forest in 35 km from the river.

Key words: yellow throat mouse, settlement, Big Irgiz river valley, eastern bank of the Volga river, Saratov areal.

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Herpetofauna of Kalmykia: species, relative population, interdecadal dynamics of dissemination. – Zhdokova M.K., Shlyakhtin G.V., Zavialov Y.V. – The results of research of amphibian fauna and reptiles of Kalmykia held in 1998 – 2002 have been presented. The main trends in the dynamics of herpetofauna species dissemination and adaptation in anthropogenic and natural landscapes have been performed.

Key words: herpetofauna, dissemination, dynamics, Kalmykia, Russia.

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The phenotypic structure in Greenfrogs of population on urbanated territory. – Zamaletdinov R.I. – In this paper the data is presented on the frequency of the phenotypes of the natural populations of Rana esculenta complex of the territory of the city of Kazan. The possible reasons of this difference of the phenetic compositions of the different populations are discussed.

Key words: greenfrogs, morphs, phenotypes, Kazan city, Russia.

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On the matter of identification of fishes, described as «pestrushka» and «kutema» in the territory of the Orenburg region by works of XVIII and XIX centuries (on the ground of literature data). – Kazachkov G.V. – The attempt of identification of fishes, described as «pestrushka» and «kutema», is done on the ground of literature data. The identification of these names is needed to research the biodiversity of fishes of the Orenburg region. Literature data, that prove the identity of «pestrushka» of the Orenburg region and trout Salmo trutta morfa fario, are found. The doubtfulness of the identity of «kutema» of the Orenburg region (described by S.T. Aksakov) and grayling Thymallus thymallus, is proved. The impossibility of the identity of this «kutema» and trout S. trutta morfa fario, as well as trout S. trutta morfa lacustris, is proved.

Key words: biodiversity, Salmo trutta morfa fario, Salmo trutta morfa lacustris, Thymallus thymallus, trout, grayling, kutema, pestrushka.

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Orchids of the Busulyksky Bor: resent condition, new findings, problems of conservation. – Kin N.O., Kalmykova O.G. – The specific microclimatic conditions of the Busuluksky Bor are developed into most favorable for Orchidaceae. Ten species of the Orchidaceae are registered and collected in herbarium as result of three years term of research of flora in the Busuluksky Bor. D. Janishevsky (1898), V.N. Sukachev (1931) pointed within this territory on some of representatives, we find. Moreover, Z.N. Ryabinina (1998) mentions about six species more, that we find not. Probably, this is determined with features of their life cycle, and it complicates finding of their inhabitations. It is necessary, to cary the conservation of the Busuluksky Bor on the regional level also as inhabitations of Orchidaceae species. Scobelevskoe and Koltubanovskoe forestries are deserving particular attention as inhabitations of Orchidaceae. Most findings are done within urochishe Mokhovoe Boloto in the Koltubanovskoe forestry. On the grounds of this circumstance, we offer to elaborate a plan of steps on the conservation of this plot and confer this a status of a federal importance botanic natural treasure.

Key words: Busuluksky Bor, Orchidaceae, rare plant, Koltubanovskoe forestry, Scobelevskoe forestry, Borovoe forestry, urochishe Mokhovoe Boloto, plan of staps, status of botanic natural treasure.

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Peculiarities of seasonal allocation of birds in Chernivtsi city (Ukraine). Autumn (migration) aspect. – Skilsky I.V. – Qualitative and quantitative composition of ornithocomplexes, their spatio-temporal dynamics are characterised in autumn (migration) period.

Key words: birds, migration aspect, Chernivtsi city, Ukraine.

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Dissemination and particulars of ecology of the Grass snake (Natrix natrix) on the north of Nizhneye Povolzhye. – Tabachishin V.G., Tabachishina I.E. – Biotopic coincidence, population and ecologic particulars of the Grass snake on the north of Nizhneye Povolzhye were observed. Information of seasonal and daily cycle of activity, reproduction and food was supplied.

Key words: Grass snake, Natrix natrix, dissemination, biotopic coincidence, north of Nizhneye Povolzhye, Russia.

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