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On the analysis of factors affecting the Sorex araneus number dynamics n the north and south of its habitat. – Balakirev A.E., Okulova N.M., Ivanter E.V. – The influence of the basic parameters of climate, cosmic factors and preceding number on the long-term dynamics of two Sorex araneus populations inhabiting the Kursk forest-steppe and South Karelia was studied. A considerable difference in the factor sets influencing the annual fluctuations of these populations is shown. A clear relation between the warm season weather in the preceding year and the present-year number of animals was found. The causes of the geographically-featured influence of the above parameters on the populations as well as the causes of the number trends revealed are discussed.
Key words: long-term number dynamics, factors, Sorex araneus, habitat.
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Stability of the onthogenesis of amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda) and the outlook of its usage for biomonitoring of the ecosystems of cooling reservoirs of nuclear power stations. – Voronin M.Yu., Yermokhin M.V. – Morphological deviations in the development of the amphipoda from the cooling reservoir of the Balakovo nuclear power station (the Saratov region) are analyzed. Some disturbances in the ear's structure are attributed as a fluctuating asymmetry whose level in the reservoir was lower than that in the Volga river. The onthogenesis stability of the individuals from the spring generation (lower temperatures) was less than that in the summer one. So we can state that the onthogenesis stability is significantly higher at higher water temperatures. The high sensitivity to water temperature is stipulated by the genesis of the amphipoda fauna because the majority of the species were formed in the Ponto-Caspian region with a high temperature optimum of their development. Analysis of the quantitative relation of the amphipoda development stability with the thermal regime of the reservoir is promising for biomonitoring of technogenic hydroecosystems transformation and the influence of global warming on the biocenosis of natural waterbodies.
Key words: fluctuating asymmetry, development stability, Amphipoda, cooling reservoir, nuclear power station, biomonitoring.
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Measures of similarity and diversity in the analysis of fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral features. – Gelashvili D.B., Soldatov E.N., Chuprunov E.V. – The usage of function convolution and its particular case (fluctuating asymmetry) as a measure of similarity at estimating the pseudosymmetry of biological objects is proposed and justified. An algorithm to analyze the diversity of biological objects by the fluctuating asymmetry level of bilateral features in terms of information entropy is given.
Key words: fluctuating asymmetry, function convolution, information entropy.
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Genesis of natural conditions and basic trends in the modern dynamics of animal habitats in the north of the Lower Volga region. Report VIII. Bird distribution dynamics under anthropogenic factors. – Zavialov E.V., Shlyakhtin G.V., Tabachishin V.G., Yakushev N.N., Berezutskiy M.A., Mosolova E.Yu. – Problems of the bird distribution dynamics in the north of the Lower Volga region under the influence of anthropogenic factors are discussed. Several groups of the main causes of population destablization have been resolved, including direct and indirect elimination and limiting anthropogenic factors. Pesticide pollution of natural complexes in the course of the wide usage of insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides and other toxic preparations is analyzed in detail. The scale of ornithocomplex damages due to the pesticide usage on the territory under study and some consequences of bird intoxication and poison migration along nutrition chains have been revealed. The leading role of the trophic base dynamics in the distribution of some bird species of the region is shown.
Key words: birds, habitat dynamics, anthropogenic factors, elimination, Lower Volga region, Russia.
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Adaptogenic properties of some venoms with respect to the action of damaging factors (with gamma-radiation as an example). – Koryagin A.S., Yerofeyeva E.A. – The adaptogenic action of low doses of the venoms of Salamandra salamandra, Bufo viridis and Apis mellifera with respect to gamma-radiation (3 and 5 Gy) was studied from the state of the marrow and white blood of rats. The venoms were found to have a prolonged radioprotection action on repeated injection, the highest efficiency was observed during the first three weeks after the last injection. Administering the venoms after exposure to radiation relieves the course of radiation sickness and promotes regenerative processes in the marrow. The effects revealed are most due to an inspecific adaptation reaction (activation reaction) under the influence of the venoms.
Key words: inspecific adaptation reactions, animal venoms, radiation, white blood, marrow.
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Pasture as a factor of transformations of ground ecosystems in semiarid regions. – Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S., Tsvetkova A.A. – The influence of hoof pasture on the structure of the vegetative cover and the population of petty mammals and birds in zonal ecosystems of the typical and arid steppes of the Lower Volga region is considered. Hoof pasture is shown to be needed for normal functioning of steppe ecosystems. Pasture of wild hoofs is a natural process providing stability of the steppe biome. Domestic cattle pasture is an anthropogenic rather than natural factor at intense farming. The faunas of petty mammals and surface-nested birds differ drastically at plots under different pasture load.
Key words: steppe, pasture ecosystems, stocking level, flora, animal population.
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Numbers dynamics of the discriminating species of the basic zooplanktocenoses of the Cheboxary reservoir. – Shurganova G.V., Cherepennikov V.V., Artel'nyi E.V. – The distinction between zooplanktocenoses is proposed to be characterized via their discriminating species whose numbers are most different. The vector between the points representing the cenoses in the multidimensional space of the zooplankton species numbers depicts these discriminating species. Several types of the known main zooplanktocenoses of the Cheboxary reservoir were revealed in terms of the ecological characteristics of the discriminating species (the vector's components). Long-term data on the reservoir were processed and the number dynamics of the discriminating species was described, some long-term trends in the evolution of plankton communities were revealed.
Key words: zooplanktocenosis, discriminating species, spatial distribution, Cheboxary reservoir.
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Forecasting of the number of bream (Abramis brama) generations in the Saratov reservoir on the basis of hydrological factors in the spawning period. – Mosiyash S.S., Chumakov V.K. – On the basis of long-term data, the influence of the hydrological regime of the reservoir in the year of bream's birth on its number at fishing was estimated. A regression model was designed to forecast the bream stock and to issue recommendations on keeping the optimal water level in the reservoir.
Key words: bream, Abramis brama, number of generation, water level, spawning period, modeling, Saratov reservoir.
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Nesting ornithofauna of Tiraspol City's industrial area. – Tischenkov A.A. – Surveys in Tiraspol's industrial area were carried out in May 2002. 26 species of 5 orders, namely, Columbiformes – 2, Strigiformes – 1, Apodiformes – 1, Piciformes – 1, Passeriformes – 21 species were registered. The total number was about 806.2 pairs/km2. The species diversity and abundance in the industrial area were lower than those in the residential one by 1.4 and 2.9 times, respectively. House Sparrow was the absolute dominant. The majority of birds nesting in the industrial area belong to the European and Transpalearctic types of the fauna, to the desert-mountains landscape-genetic faunistic complex, to the dendrophilnai and sklerophilnai ecological groups, and to the entomophagan and phytophagan trophic groups.
Key words: birds, abundance, breeding, industrial area, Tiraspol city, Moldova.
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