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Lichen-indication monitoring and a regional epiphyte lichen sensitivity scale (with the Nizhny Novgorod region as an example). – Gelashvili D.B., Kulyabina E.Yu., Sidorenko M.V. – The paper treats regional aspects of lichen-indication monitoring. 101 species of epiphyte lichens were found during our survey of urban and nature-protected territories of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Epiphyte lichen sensitivity indices were calculated in terms of how often they grow in places polluted to a certain degree. The Trass method was employed. As a result, 4 zones of air pollution in the Nizhny Novgorod region were mapped. Indicator groups of epiphyte lichens were resolved for a number of tree species, which are characterized by various degrees of the sensitivity to atmospheric pollution.
Key words: lichen-indications, monitoring, air pollution, epiphyte lichens, Nizhny Novgorod region.
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Restoration succession in a forest landscape affected by anthropogenic impact (with Byelorussian Polesye as an example). – Gusev A.P. – The paper studies the secondary succession process in forest ecosystems (with Byelorussian Polesye landscapes as an example). The succession stages are characterized. The dynamics of the vegetation cover (its specific structure, ecological structure, diversity etc.) is followed by the temporal secondary succession gradient. Characteristics of the vegetation cover to be used as indicators of succession stages are established.
Key words: plant community, floristic structure, ecological structure, anthropogenic disturbances, succession stages.
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An evaluation of environmental risks in the territory of towns in the Moscow region (with Dubna as an example). – Kamanina I.Z., Makarov O.A., Savvateyeva O.A. – A concept of ecological risk assessment for towns in the Moscow region is proposed. These towns feature few industrial enterprises, harmful manufactures; in most cases their ecological status is estimated as satisfactory. The approach proposed was applied to the scientific town Dubna (north of the Moscow region).
Key words: ecological risk assessment, ecological risk management, environmental status.
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A comparative estimation of the antiradiating properties of some animal venoms by the blood system status under repeated gamma irradiation. – Koryagin A.S., Yerofeyeva E.A., Yakimov V.N., Loginov V.V., Gamova O.N., Vaneyeva O.U. – A comparative study of the antiradiating properties of the venoms of bee, salamander, and toad was made by the blood system status of rats under general repeated gamma-irradiation (5 days, 0.6 Gy). The integral estimation of the antiradiating properties of the zootoxins obtained by means of multivariate statistics and desirability function has shown that the bee and toad toxins render a more pronounced antiradiating action on the blood system under repeated irradiation in comparison with the salamander venom. The use of multivariate statistics and desirability function allows an integral estimation of the antiradiating effect of radioprotectors to be made more effectively in comparison with one-dimensional statistics.
Key words: zootoxins, radioprotectors, repeated irradiation, multivariate statistics, desirability function.
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Geoecological dividing of the oil-gas-bearing area in the Orenburg region into districts. – Myachina K.V., Chibilyov A.A. – A topical geoecological problem of landscape changes and degradation under the influence of oil- and gas-industry objects is raised. The location of hydrocarbon raw material deposits within the territory under survey is analyzed. Natural oil-gas-bearing areas are mapped with the use of a scheme of the region?s division into natural districts. These areas are characterized by the degree of durability of their environment under anthropogenic impact. Natural landscape areas mostly transformed by the influence of oil-gas-extraction are listed.
Key words: oil and gas fields, environment durability, natural (landscape) areas, technogenous transformation.
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Spring division into districts and its usage at estimating the recreational potential of a territory (with the Orenburg region as an example). – Sivokhip Zh.T. – Spring division into districts has allowed main indices of natural exits of the underground water to be characterized. These water exits determine the recreational usage level of the South Ural springs. The role of natural exits of the underground water in promoting the recreational attractiveness of the territory is shown. Spring regions are classified by their recreational potential level.
Key words: natural exists of underground water, division into districts, recreational potential.
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Lead and cadmium sorption with Biophyt™ made of hen's eggshell and its ability to deliver calcium to the human body. - Ur'yash V.F., Gruzdeva A.E., Grishatova N.V., Demarin V.T., Tumanova A.N., Zanozina V.F., Stepanova E.A. – Lead and cadmium sorption with Biophyt™ made of hen's eggshell was studied in conditions to simulate the acidity, intense mixing, and duration of biologically active food supplements staying in the human alimentary canal. Elements in the raw eggshell were analyzed by means of atomic-emission spectroscopy while the content of halogen and sulfate anions was estimated by nephelometry. Atomic-absorption spectroscopy was employed to analyze Pb2+ and Cd2+ cations in Biophyt™. Calcium has been found to enter in eggshell as CaCO3 which practically fully decomposes in the digestive conditions. The organic residue mainly consists of ookeratine and a collagen-like protein. Both the source product made of eggshell and organic residue effectively absorb lead and cadmium. Besides, the organic residue contains 0.6 wt % Ca and so can act as an ion exchanger to deliver calcium to the human body during a long time.
Key words: heavy metals, sorption, hen's-egg shell.
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Mammal habitat dynamics in the Lower Volga steppes and global climate getting warmer. – Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S. – The global climate getting warmer is shown to manifest itself by a rapid rise in the average annual temperature in the northern hemisphere and, in particular, in the steppe zone of European Russia. This is mainly due to a rise in the temperature of the cold season and winters getting less snowy; moreover, the annual precipitation has increased and the evaporation rate has reduced in the warm season. As a result, the character of many natural processes has changed. An illustration of the mammal habitat dynamics in the steppes of the northern Lower-Volga region is provided.
Key words: global climate getting warmer, mammals, habitat dynamics.
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Ecologo-caryological peculiarities of Spotted Toad-headed Agama (Phrynocephalus guttatus) in north of the Lower Volga region. – Tabachishin V.G., Kaybeleva E.I., Zavialov E.V., Shlyakhtin G.V. – The northern habitat boundary of Phrynocephalus guttatus in European Russia has been mapped. Outlying settlements have been found in the Volgograd region: the reptiles inhabit an isolated sand massif on the left bank of the Don river between v. Kamyshi (Kalachev district) in south and v. Peskovatka (Gorodishcheno district) in north. The chromosome set of the species contains 12 pairs of macrochromosomes (1 – 12th pairs) and 11 pairs of microchromosomes (13 – 23th pairs), 2n = 46, NF = 46. The first chromosome pair looks bigger than the others.
Key words: Phrynocephalus guttatus, biotopical distribution, caryotyp, Volgograd region.
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Transformation of the ichthyocenos structure of the Volga river in the Volgograd reservoir ecosystem. – Shashulovskiy V.A., Yermolin V.P. – Changes in the Volga ichtiofauna caused by ponding have been evaluated. Ponding is shown to cause transformations of the ichthyofauna due to changes in the species composition, the composition of fauna complexes and ecological groups. The general variability index of the fish fauna structure in the Volgograd reservoir is 37%, which demonstrates rather a serious transformation.
Key words: ichthyocenos, fauna complexes, ecological groups, fish fauna structure.
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