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New ecological adaptation of the Stock Dove and its population value. – Belik V. P. and Gugueva E. V. – In paper the new data on nesting of the Stock Dove in hollow concrete support of the high-voltage transmission lines located among fields are presented. New ecological adaptation, which has been found out for the first time per 2007 – 2010 in different regions of Russia and Ukraine, has provided for the Stock Dove a reliable protection against predatoriness of martens and hawks. Due to it the Stock Dove has started to increase quickly number and to be settled in the Eastern Europe. Authors discuss the places of creation of new adaptation of the Stock Dove and a way of moving of its new ecological race.
Key words: Stock Dove, Columba oenas, ecology, distribution, Russia, Ukraine.
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Annual dynamics of the plant communities of trees and grass-sphagnum bogs of the Sursky nature reserve (Ulyanovsk region). – Blagovetshenskiy I. V. – Our long-term observations of the annual dynamics of the vegetation, trees, and grass-sphagnum bogs of the Sursky nature reserve (Ulyanovsk region) were analyzed. A conclusion is made that the annual dynamics of this bog community depends on humidification variations over years and is mainly manifested in changes of the coverage of grass-shrub and, in particular, moss layers. The sphagnum moss species characteristic of low elevations with a flat surface (Sphagnum fallax and S. flexuosum) reacted most sensitive to humidification changes over years. The cover dynamics of the species of middle and low hummocks (S. fimbriatum, S. capillifolium, and S. russowii), more adapted to periodic drought, is less dependent on water level oscillations.
Key words: annual vegetation dynamics, trees and sphagnum bog, sphagnum moss, Sursky nature reserve, Ulyanovsk region.
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Evaluation of intra-breed and inter-breed differences in exterior signs of working honeybee individuals for biomonitoring purposes. – Bragazin A. A., Radaev A. A., Nizhegorodtsev A. A., and Gelashvili D. B. – The discriminating role and contribution of some exterior signs of working honeybee individuals (Apis mellifera carnica Pollmann, 1879 and Apis mellifera caucasica Gorbatchev, 1916) to intra-breed inter-family differences were evaluated. The nature of breed differences over the whole set of exterior signs was revealed. Six exterior signs were used for our analysis, namely, the width of the third tergite, the length of the third tergite, the length of the right-hand front fender, the width of the right-hand front wing, cubital index, and discoidal shift. Breed identification is not a trivial task. Equations for the classification function have been obtained for each breed, which enable one to identify the breed on the basis of total analyzable exterior characteristics. The «wing length» sign was found to significantly divide at least half of the families in both breeds.
Key words: Apis mellifera carnica, Apis mellifera caucasica, exterior signs, non-parametric discriminant analysis.
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Relation between the root system size and the intensity of mycorrhization in Pinus sylvestris seedlings in different conditions. – Veselkin D. V. – The power of relation between the total length of undeterminate roots and the intensity of root mycorrhization of pine seedlings was analyzed in 45 habitats at different levels. A negative relationship was observed between the average values of the signs in large habitat groups with different ecological conditions. On the individual level, when separate individuals are analyzed, there was no relationship between the signs.
Key words: scots pine, adaptation, roots, root system, mycorrhization, ectomycorrhiza.
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Helminthic fauna of mice (Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus) in residential and inter-residential territories in Western Siberia. – Zhigileva O. N. – The field mouse inhabiting residential and inter-residential territories of Western Siberia has 13 species of parasitic worms. It is twice as high as the house mouse has. Apodemus agrarius and Mus musculus are similar in their worm composition when sympatric habitation in the same city. The diversity of parasitic worms in the urban populations of the mice is low; trematodes and acanthocephalan species are absent while the nematode infestation rate is higher than in the countryside. The composition and structure of the helminthic complexes in the mice in different cities are different as well.
Key words: Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus, helminthes, infestation, urbanization, Western Siberia.
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Nutrition of some fish species fry in the western part of the middle Caspian Sea. – Kurbanova Z. S., Ustarbekov A. K., and Kurbanov Z. M. – The nutrition of some fish species fry was studied in the western part of the middle Caspian Sea as depends on age, season, and survey area. 50 zooplankton species were revealed in the fry diet. Crustaceans, worms, and mollusks were the most abundant food objects.
Key words: Caspian Sea, fry, carp, nutrition, diet.
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Some aspects of the indirect impact of red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) on the feeding behavior of small mammals. – Mikheyev À. V. – The non-trophic effects in the predator – prey system (with red fox and its primary prey, small wood rodents, as examples) were investigated during our field experiment with the use of artificial feeders. Irrespectively of experiment conditions (red fox’ scat near the feeders; brown hare’s scat; a reference without any scats) the absence of reliable differences in the daily average volumes of the feed eaten by rodents and the resemblance of 10-day's trends of its consumption were observed. Nevertheless, the presence of predator scats in the habitats stimulates certain behavioral reactions of prays, which are expressed in a raised vigilance level, which, in turn, determines retardation of their feeding activity. The scats of a not-predatory heterospecific species (brown hare) excite no such reactions.
Key words: signs of vital functions, faecal marks, predator – prey, non-trophic interactions, mammal behavior.
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Faunistic peculiarities of the animal associations in mole’s burrows. – Nesterkova D. V. – A comparison of the structure of the animal associations inhabiting mole’s burrows and the ground surface was conducted in 8 forest biotopes of the Volzhsko-Kamsky natural reserve. The biotopic conditions at different sites of the burrow network were more different than on the surface; the inconstancy of the fauna structure in the burrows could be explained by a considerable fraction of accidentally met species. The specific abundance and diversity of the animals inhabiting mole’s burrows were similar to those on the surface in deciduous and fir forests, but decreased in pine and poplar plantings. In the whole, the animal associations of mole’s burrows, in comparison with those on the surface, show an increased fraction of Vertebrata, Leiodidae, Staphylinidae, and Diplopoda and a decreased one of Silphidae, Geotrupidae and Carabidae representatives, which allows us to conclude on a certain specificity of the burrow habitats.
Key words: mole’s burrows, Talpa europaea, invertebrate, vertebrate, comparison of animal associations.
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Phytoplankton of the Cheboksary Reservoir at the present state of its existence. – Okhapkin A. G., Sharagina E. M., and Bondarev O. O. – The composition and dynamics of main structural characteristics of the Cheboksary Reservoir phytoplankton in the summer low-water period of 2011 are characterized. Water quality evaluation according to the most common algology characteristics of the water-storage basin is given. Tendencies of water quality changes since the 1960s are estimated.
Key words: phytoplankton, structure, dynamics, Cheboksary Reservoir, water quality.
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Macrozoobenthos of the confluence areas of rivers. – Prokin A. A. and Tsvetkov A. I. – Main hydrological characteristics and structural indicators of the macrozoobenthos in the mouth areas of both small and medium tributaries of the Don and Khoper Rivers in the Voronezh region are discussed. Three typical variants of the contact zones of tributaries and receiving rivers, where their water masses mix, are described. The water in the confluence area differs by electrical conductivity from the upstream and downstream water. The length of the confluence zone depends on the flow velocity ratio in the contacting watercourses. Macrozoobenthos communities with specific quanti-tative and structural characteristics are formed in the confluence zone in contrast to the flowing tri-butary and receiver areas. The benthic invertebrate communities in the lower boundary of the con-fluence zone feature the heaviest biomasses; they are predominantly formed by large Unionidae bivalves.
Key words: tributary, river mouth area, watercourse-recipient, mixing water zone, hydrologic processes, macrozoobenthos.
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Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. (Rosaceae) in the Penza region and adjacent territories. – Vasjukov V. M. and Polumordvinov O. A. – Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. in the Penza region and adjacent territories is characterized; a key for Cotoneaster species identification in the central and southeastern European Russia is given. The local distribution and low abundance of the species provides the basis for inclusion of Cotoneaster integerrimus into the protected plant lists of the region.
Key words: Cotoneaster integerrimus, rare species, Penza region.
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Synanthropization of the vegetation cover of nature monuments along the Chusovaya River (Middle Urals). – Erokhina O. V. and Pustovalova L. A. – The vegetation cover of rock outcrops along the Chusovaya river (Sverdlovsk region, Perm territory) was studied, the current status of vegetation was assessed with the use of synanthropization and apophytization indices. These data show that, in general, the vegetation of the rocky outcrops along the Chusovaya River is at a moderate synanthropization level, although some of the objects studied are at a strong one.
Key words: flora and vegetation of rocky outcrops, anthropogenic transformation, protected areas.
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Aphis pomi Deg., 1773 microbiocenosis in some districts of the Saratov region. – Malyshina M. S., Glinskaya E. V., and Peterson A. M. – The specific composition of the ecologycal systems of Aphis pomi from three districts of the Saratov region was analyzed. 39 bacterial species were isolated, the quantity of bacteria ranging from 103 to 107 CFU per sample. The community species composition indices of Aphis pomi from different districts of the Saratov region did not exceed 20%. Bacillus clausii, B. pseudomycoides, and Pantoea agglomerans were isolated from aphid organisms in all the districts studied.
Key words: microbiocenosis, Aphis pomi, Saratov region.
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Lagurus lagurus Pallas, 1778 in steppes of the Saratov region. – Tsvetkova A. A. and Oparin M. L. – The results of our survey of the population density of Lagurus lagurus in true steppes of the Trans-Volga region and right-Volga-bank region are reported. After a long depression, L. lagurus is shown to appear in natural and anthropogenous habitats (steppes, fallow lands, and fields). The average relative abundance of L. lagurus is 4.0 ind per 100 trap/days. The high abundance of other typical steppe inhabitants, Cricetulus migratorius and Allocricetulus eversmanni, is noted.
Key words: Lagurus lagurus, steppe, fallow lands, abundance dynamics, Saratov Trans-Volga region, Saratov right-Volga-bank region.
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