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Relation of a plant cover zonal ity with peculiarities of carbon exchange and energy balance of trees, herbs and shrubs. – Abaturov B.D., Lopatin V.N. – The minimization of the nonphotosynthetic part of the overgrown phytomass, that is characteristic of herbaceous plants, decreases unproductive energy expenditure in the aboveground plant sphere and, consequently, correspond increases the root mass and its functioning. Therefore, herbaceous plants possess a more competitive capability than trees, and they predominate in the steppe and semidesert. If the soil moisture increases up to the optimal gradient, photosynthetic active radiation becomes a limiting factor. In this case, the large energy expenses on the formation and functioning of tree trunks are compensated by the success in competition. That is why trees predominate in the forest zone. Under torrid desert conditions high air temperatures limit plant photosynthesis near the soil surface. Therefore, short plants (herbs) are restricted to the zone of negative energy balance and they become nonviable. On the contrary, tall plants (shrubs) raise their assimilative organs to the air layers with lower temperature. The result of this phenomenon is their predominance in deserts.
Key words: plant cover zonality, life form of plants, forest, steppe and desert phytocoenoses, photosynthesis and respiration of plants, carbon exchange of plants, energy balance of trees, herbs and shrubs.
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Genesis of natural conditions and fundamental trends of contemporary dynamic of animals' natural habitats in the north of Lower Volga region. Report I. Genesis of fauna and flora in tertiary time. Paleogene. – Zavyalov E.V., Shlyakhtin G.V., Tabachishin V.G., Makarov V.Z., Berezutskiy M.A., Yakushev N.N. – The issues of genesis of flora and fauna of the north of Lower Volga region in tertiary time (paleogene) were examined. The climate, landscape genesis and fundamental trends of vegetative and animal complexes formation were characterized. Paleontologic data on fossil animals from the north of Lower Volga region and specific territories was summarize.
Key words: genesis, tertiary time, paleogene, flora, fauna, Lower Volga region.
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A study of the development of marine fouling on the copper containing paints and nontoxic substrates in the tropics. – Karpov V.A., Poltarukha O.P., Kovalchuk Yu. L. – A comparative study of the succession of the sea fouling on the surface of glass, unpainted steel plates and steel plates painted by antifouling copper-containing paints was carried out at the marine testing station in Nha Trang City (Vietnam). The development of a fouling community on the neutral surfaces (glass, steel) concerned is shown to proceed approximately in a similar way according to the scheme: microfouling – hydroids – Balanus reticulatus – B. variegatus – B. reticulatus – Saccostrea sp. A certain seasonal dependence is observed that is related to the freshening of the surface water layer during a wet season. The forming of a fouling community on the painted surfaces much varies in not only the rate of development, but as well in the sequence and character of succession stages and proceeds by the scheme: microfouling – Balanus reticulatus – Saccostrea sp.
Key words: fouling, succession, antifouling paints, Vietnam.
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Abundance of the arthropodes on different sites of the bustard nesting area in Saratov Zavolzhye. – Oparina O.S., Kapranova T.A., Oparin M.L., Watzke X. – Results of complex inspection of the arthropods of potential places of nesting great bustard (Otis tarda, L., 1758) in the Saratov Zavolzhye (Russia) are presented. Concrete materials under the description of seven sites are resulted: fallow, two fields wheat (spring and winter), three sites of neglected field of different age, and also a virgin site with needle grass vegetation. Researches are carried out during 3 years in the term of rearing of the chicks. Their basic nutrition are the arthopods. The availability of favourable conditions for rearing of chicks on all fields has developed as a result of extensive agriculture management during ten years. The long absence of application on fields of pesticides is favourable was reflected in abundant and diversification of the arthopods.
Key words: chicks of the bustard, abundance of arthropods, biomass, sites of nesting, Saratov Zavolzhye, Russia.
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Optimization of steppe agricultural landscapes and agroecosystems. – Trofimov I.A., Trofimova L.S. – On the basis of existing methodological designs were offered scientific model, principles and basic ways of agrolandscape-ecological approaches to the learning, constructioning and agrogeosystems handle. The optimization of interaction of adaptive agricultural production and natural environment is grounded on principles system, emergense, ecologo-economic balance and ecological frame agrolandscape, multilevel and multifactor adapting, evolution-analogue, optimal functioning, practical and economic feasibility.
Key words: steppe agrolandscapes, optimization, scientific model, principles, agrolandscape-ecological approaches, constructioning and agrogeosystems handle.
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The study of the variability of land mollusk Helix lutescens with use of factor analysis. – Khlus L.M., Khlus K.M. – The conchological characters and coefficients of 2 populations of land mollusk Helix lutescens (Rossmassler, 1837) with use of factor analysis were studied. The differences in the studied indexes, in the common factors of the variation, in the communalities and factor loadings of variables, in the eigenvalues and individual percent of factors are found.
Key words: Helix lutescens, conchological characters, factor analysis.
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Interaction of earthworms and meloidoginide incjuditions of agroculture of the closed ground. – Cherevatov V.F. – The joint influence of earthworms and gall nematodes on the agroculture of the closed ground was studied. The positive influence on increase of bioweight of tomatoes and cress-salad is shown at meloidoginose. At normal number of earthworms the productivity of vegetable cultures struck with gall nematodes, raises at the expense of properties of a ground.
Key words: earthworms, gall nematodes, interaction.
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Notes to the host-plant relationships of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Lower Volga region. – Anikin V.V. – The present is a check-list of microlepidoptera species from Lower Volga region with notes of there host plant relationships. Choristoneura hebenstreitella (Muller, 1764); Haploptilia katunella Falkovitsh, 1991; Casignetella succursella (Herrich-Schaffer, 1855) and C. riffelensis (Rebel, 1913) are recorded at first time for European part of Russia. The figs of genitalia are given for the first time for 2 females of Coleophoridae: Aporiptura macilenta (Falkovitsh, 1972) and Haploptilia katunella Falkovitsh, 1991.
Key words: Microlepidoptera, host plant relationships, faunistics, Lower Volga region, Russia.
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Trophic relations of the Tawny Owl (Strix aluco L.; Strigiformes, Strigidae) in Prut-Dnestr interfluve of Ukraine. – Klitin A.N., Skilsky I.V. – The qualitative and quantitative structure of objects of a feeding Tawny Owl in a flat part of Chernovtsy region of Ukraine is considered.
Key words: Tawny Owl, Strix aluco, trophic relation, Prut-Dnestr interfluve, Ukraine.
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Modification of some kinds mammalian areas in Saratov Zavolzhye at the end of 20 century. – Oparin M.L., Tikhonov I.A., Oparina O.S., Kovalskaya Y.M. – Results on the study of diffusion small-sized mammalian in Saratovskoye Zavolzhye are reported. For the first time moving on the south mesophillous kinds, the field mouse and tundra vole, has been established. Is exhibited, that the shift of Russet suslik is going on, the depression of number small suslik, which settlements have disappeared in Zairgizye, is saved.
Key words: field mouse, tundra vole, russet suslik, small suslik, dry steppe, saratovskoye Zavolzhye.
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The morpho-ecological characteristic of the Meadov Viper (Vipera ursinii) populations in Lower Volga region. – Tabachishina I.E., Tabachishin V.G., Zavialov E.V. – Geographical distribution, contemporary condition of populations, biotope coordination, morphology and ecological peculiarities are examined. Seasonal and daily activity data are presented.
Key words: Meadow Viper, Vipera ursinii, disribution, number, Lower Volga region, Russia.
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Mixed colonies of Russet (Spermophilus major Pall.) and Large-toothed (S. fulvus Licht.) susliks in the jointly inhabited areas. – Shilova S.A., Savinetskaya L.E., Kasatkin M.V. – Is established that the shift of Russet suslik to the south along the highway Krasny Kut – Diakovka (Saratov area) is going on. In 2001 this species was found near the settlement Usatovo (50°46' n.l., 46°55' e.l.). At this area Russet suslik inhabited in the same colonies with long toothed suslik. Both species inhabited in the same locality. Their home ranges overlap.
Key words: Russet suslik, Large-toothed suslik, mixed local populations, dispersal, Saratov region, Russia.
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