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Diatom algae in mountain lakes of the Dzherginskiy reserve (the Baikal area). 1. Centrophyceae. – Genkal S. I. and Bondarenko N. A. – By using electronic microscopy, first data on centric diatom algae were obtained for some mountain lakes located in the Dzherginskiy reserve. 26 taxa from 8 genera have been found, including Cyclotella baicalensis and C. minuta formerly classified as Baikalian endemic algae, and some ones new for the Baikal regional flora (Aulacoseira pfaffiana, Cyclotella antiqua, C. species, Discostella pseudostelligera, Melosira species, and Stephanodiscus invisitatus).
Key words: Centrophyceae, diatom algae, phytoplankton, flora, mountain lakes, Dzherginskiy reserve, Baikal area.
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Infection and parasite–host relation peculiarities in the system Ligula intestinalis – sabrefish (Pelecus cultratus) in the Rybinsk reservoir. – Izvekova G.I. and Tyutin A.V. – The current status of infection of sabrefish Pelecus cultratus (L.) with Ligula intestinalis (L.) plerocercoids in the Rybinsk reservoir basin is described. Formerly, sabrefish was free of this parasite. During 1995 – 2008, the occurrence of plerocercoids considerably increased. This is probably due to variations in the water level of the reservoir (within this period) and the consequent changes in the feeding conditions and food spectra of this fish. The infection of sabrefish with plerocercoids leads to a decrease in the activity of digestive hydrolases (proteases and glycosidases) in the intestine, which may reduce the feeding efficiency of the fish. Some slight imbalances in the carbohydrate metabolism of infected fish were shown, such as glycogen content changes in the liver and muscles of the host.
Key words: Ligula intestinalis, sabrefish, occurrence, digestive hydrolases.
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On the biology of Althaea officinalis L., a rare species in anthropogenically disturbed habitats of Bashkortostan Republic. – Karimova O. A. and Abramova L. M. – The demographic characteristics, morphometric parameters and seed productivity of Althaea officinalis L. in two disturbed natural coenopopulations were studed. Althaea officinalis has two types of its age spectra, namely, the left-side, single-top and centered ones. An introduction test has shown the success of introduction of the species into culture. Biochemical analysis of Althaea officinalis raw materials was carried out.
Key words: Althaea officinalis, coenopopulations, age spectra, morphometric structure, seed productivity, biochemical composition.
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Pine forests in the Samara river basin. – Kin N. O., Kalmykova O. G., and Ryabukha A. G. – Features of natural and artificial pine forests whose formation and expansion are related with sands are considered. Some of them are botanical and forestry nature monuments. The necessity of their monitoring is due to their forest amelioration, forestry, recreation and nature-conservative importance.
Key words: pine forests, forestry, flora, sands, Samara river basin.
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Spatial and temporal bird distribution in the Omsk city. – Odintseva A. A. – A classification of birds was compiled and displayed according to the similarity of their biotope preference and residence during a year in the territory of the Omsk city. It is based on our 2006 – 2009 year-round counts. Main features of the spatial and temporal distribution of birds were analyzed and its environmental factors were identified. The territorial and subannual distribution of birds in Omsk largely depends on the planting, watering and building degrees of the habitats, and much less on seasonal phenomena of the bird annual life cycle. More significant (spatial) differences were displayed at the level of types in the classification, and less significant (seasonal) ones were at the level of subtypes.
Key words: natural and anthropogenic regime, spatial and temporal spreadig of bird, type and subtype preferences.
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On the ecology of field mouse (Apodemus agrarius Pall.) in the forest-steppe Chernozemye. I. Abundance. – Okulova N. M., Duvanova I. A., Kalinkina E. V., Mironova T. A., Nedosekin V. Yu., and Drozdova V. F. – The long-term positive trend of the abundance of field mouse in the Lipetsk region has been confirmed. Its positive and negative dependences on the March and August precipitation levels, respectively, are shown for the year of survey and the previous one. The range of preferred temperature and precipitation conditions is estimated, where a high abundance of the species is probable.
Key words: field mouse, many-year dynamics, trends, factors, prognosis.
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Ecological, physiological and biochemical aspects of the influence of heavy metal ions on aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata. – Rozentsvet O. A., Nesterov V. N., and Sinyutina N. F. – The dynamics of heavy metal (HÌ) accumulation by the aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata, features of their influence on the growth and intensity of photosynthesis were investigated. The higher the degree of HM-caused damages, the more intense lipid synthesis is. It is concluded that structural infringements of biomembranes are one of the causes of plant growth suppression, and the established changes of lipid metabolism is a way of compensation of the negative influence of HM.
Key words: aquatic ecosystems, heavy metal accumulation, growth, photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, Hydrilla verticillata.
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On the modern distribution of Pipistrellus kuhlii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Volga region. – Smirnov D. G. and Vehnik V. P. – Peculiarities of the modern distribution of Pipistrellus kuhlii in the Volga region were studied. During 1996 – 2008, the species expanded its habitat. Now, the northern limit of its habitat is the Middle Volga region, where it reaches 53°32' N. The main way of expansion of the species passes along the Volga river valley, and the places of occurrence correspond to populated areas. The occurrence index varies in different parts of the region and decreases from south to north, having a minimum in the forest-steep zone. The eastern limit of the species' habitat in Europe is shown.
Key words: Pipistrellus kuhlii, distribution, Volga region.
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Interactions of the introduced rotan Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 (Osteichthyes, Odontobutidae) with aboriginal fish species: a parasitological aspect. – Sokolov S. G., Protasova Å. N., Reshetnikov À. N., and Voropaeva Å. L. – Studies were made in the water-filled sand-pit Neverovo, located in Ruza district of the Moscow region. This pond is populated with 6 fish species, including the introduced rotan. 12 species of parasites were obtained in rotan, and most of them circulate using aboriginal fish species. Reliable data on rotan taking part in the circulation of a parasite species native for the recipient pond (Ergasilis sieboldi) were obtained for the first time. Rotan does not play a significant role in the circulation of other 11 species, or, at least, it is not possible to access its participation quantitatively for now.
Key words: parasites, Perccottus glenii, introduced species, acquired area.
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Effect of aromatic xenobiotics on the activity of intracellular enzymes of Elodea canadensis. – Tregub A. S., Pozdnyakova N. N., Grinev V. S., Goldfein M. D., and Turkovskaya O. V. – The effect of aromatic hydrocarbons (phenol, toluene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and fluorene) on the activity of endoenzymes of the aquatic plant Elodea canadensis was investigated. In a plant extract, the activities of oxidase, tyrosinase, and peroxydase were revealed, which changed their values depending on pH and on the chemical nature of the xenobiotic. Tyrosinase was tolerant to the action of the compounds under study, as distinct from peroxydase and oxidase, whose activity decreased substantially. There was a considerable decline in the phenol and toluene content in the Elodea extract, attesting to the detoxication of these substances by plant enzymes.
Key words: Elodea canadensis, enzyme activity, aromatic hydrocarbons, xenobiotics.
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Dynamics of moose (Alces alces) populations in the Volga River basin. – Baskin L. M. and Prishchepov A. V. – The past and current densities of moose populations in the Volga River basin are compared. The history of minima of the moose populations (1790 – 1850, 1920 – 1950, 1991 – 2002) has been restored and their probable causes are discussed.
Key words: moose, abundance dynamics, Volga river basin.
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Vegetation of chalk outcrops in the Khvalynsky National Park. – Malysheva G. S. and Malakhovsky P. D. – The results of our survey of chalk outcrop vegetation in the Khvalynsky National Park are presented. Their composition and succession stages are analyzed.
Key words: relict flora, calciphiles, Khvalynsky National Park.
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Vegetation status under drought conditions and its influence on the hibernation period of yellow ground squirrels (Spermophilus fulvus Licht., 1823) in the Saratov Trans-Volga region. – Neronov V. V. and Shilova S. A. – Data on the influence of summer drought on the vegetation status and yellow ground squirrels' activity period at settlements located in the Saratov Trans-Volga Yeruslan sands are presented. During the 2009 drought period, the flora virtually stopped vegetating and was characterized by low rates of the species diversity, projective cover, and herbage height. Ground squirrels started their hibernation two weeks earlier than in the previous years (with normal humidity). The only settlement with a long activity period was preserved near a meadow-reedy estuary in that year. The presence of green vegetation in small meadows promoted prolongation of the ground squirrel activity period and the usual term of their falling into hibernation.
Key words: yellow ground squirrel, vegetation, hibernation, drought.
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Data on the morphometry and biology of tube-nosed goby Proterorhinus marmoratus (Pallas, 1814) in the Kuybyshev reservoir. – Semenov D. Yu. – Information on the ecological peculiarities of tube-nosed goby habitation in the Kuybyshev reservoir, its morphometric characters, age and sex structure, spawning conditions, prolificacy, feeding, morphological aberration; and the presence of heavy metals, toxic elements and radioactive nuclides is presented for the first time.
Key words: tube-nosed goby, population structure, morphometric characteristics, food chain, reproduction, Kuybyshev water reservoir.
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